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資料では凡例・軸・観測条件を先に確認し、見えた事実とそこからの推論を別の文にして、結論の根拠がどの値や位置関係にあるかを示します。",{"id":47,"type":48,"src":49,"alt":50,"caption":51},"diagram","DiagramBlock","\u002Fassets\u002Fhigh-school\u002Fbasic-earth-science\u002Fearth-environment\u002Fvolcanic-hazards-and-risk-reduction\u002Fvolcanic-hazards-and-risk-reduction.svg","噴火から降灰、溶岩流、火砕流へ分かれ、それぞれの移動特性を比較する図","中央の噴火から、風下へ広がる降灰、地形に沿う高温の溶岩流、谷沿いに高速で進む火砕流へ枝を追い、避ける方向と時間の違いを読みます。",{"id":53,"type":54,"steps":55,"title":60},"steps","StepBlock",[56,57,58,59],"マップの想定噴火と凡例を確認する","降灰・溶岩流・火砕流の範囲を分ける","風向・谷・斜面と避難経路を重ねる","更新情報と複数経路を使う低減策を立てる","資料を判断する手順",{"id":62,"type":63,"columns":64,"rows":68,"summary":85},"compare","CompareBlock",[65,66,67],"対象","特徴・条件","判断の意味",[69,73,77,81],[70,71,72],"降灰","風で広域","交通・呼吸・機械",[74,75,76],"溶岩流","比較的遅く地形沿い","高温・埋没",[78,79,80],"火砕流","高温・高速","谷沿いを遠くまで",[82,83,84],"ハザードマップ","想定範囲","避難計画の資料","火山災害を全て同じ速度・方向とせず、現象ごとの移動特性から行動の優先を考えます。",{"id":87,"type":88,"scenario":89,"explanation":90,"result":91},"example","ExampleBlock","火山の南東に谷が延び、火砕流想定区域が谷沿い、降灰想定は当日の北西風で南東側へ広がっていた。","谷沿いの火砕流は高速で避ける時間が短いため、想定区域外の高い避難先へ早期に移る必要があります。降灰も同じ南東側へ影響し得ますが、風向で範囲が変わります。一本の道路が両区域を通るなら代替経路を検討します。","谷地形と風向をマップへ重ね、複数ハザードを避ける経路を立案できます。",{"id":93,"type":94,"warningTitle":95,"message":96,"severity":97,"action":98},"warning","WarningBlock","ハザードマップの色の外を絶対安全にしない","マップは特定の噴火規模、風向、地形情報に基づく想定です。想定を超える現象や条件変化があり得るため、最新情報と現地の指示を優先します。","info","凡例、作成条件、更新日、避難先を確認しましょう。",{"id":100,"type":101,"title":102,"questions":103},"quiz","QuizBlock","確認テスト",[104],{"question":105,"choices":106,"answerIndex":110,"choiceExplanations":111},"火砕流の特徴として最も適切なものはどれですか。",[107,108,109],"高温のガスと粒子が高速で流れる","常に低温でゆっくり漂うだけ","風向だけで海上へ必ず消える",0,[112,113,114],"正解です。高温・高速で極めて危険な現象です。","火砕流の温度と速度を過小評価しています。","地形に沿って陸上を流れ、風向だけでは決まりません。",{"id":116,"type":117,"title":118,"points":119},"summary","SummaryBlock","まとめ",[120,121,122,123],"降灰・溶岩流・火砕流は性質が異なる","速さ・風・地形を読む","ハザードマップは想定条件付き","最新情報と複数経路でリスクを下げる",{"path":10,"title":18,"description":125,"parentPath":126,"accentToken":127},"地球温暖化、オゾン層破壊、エルニーニョ、日本の自然の恩恵と災害、防災を扱うカテゴリです。","\u002Fhigh-school\u002Fbasic-earth-science","signal-green",{"title":129,"description":130,"canonicalUrl":131,"ogImage":132},"火山災害とハザードマップ 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高校地学基礎を初学者向けに解説します。","https:\u002F\u002Fzeqnilo.com\u002Fhigh-school\u002Fbasic-earth-science\u002Fearth-environment\u002Fvolcanic-hazards-and-risk-reduction","https:\u002F\u002Fzeqnilo.com\u002Fassets\u002Fsite\u002Fdefault-og.svg",[134,137,138,139],{"title":135,"path":136},"高校","\u002Fhigh-school",{"title":17,"path":126},{"title":18,"path":10},{"title":7,"path":9},[141],{"id":142,"title":143,"summary":144,"canonicalPath":145,"categoryPath":10,"categoryTitle":18,"difficulty":11,"targetAudience":12,"estimatedMinutes":146,"publishedAt":14,"updatedAt":14,"reviewStatus":15,"tags":147},"high-school-basic-earth-science-earth-environment-earthquake-tsunami-and-liquefaction-hazards","地震動・津波・液状化の災害","地震動、津波、液状化を発生条件と影響範囲から区別し、場所に応じた備えを考えます。","\u002Fhigh-school\u002Fbasic-earth-science\u002Fearth-environment\u002Fearthquake-tsunami-and-liquefaction-hazards",5,[17,18,148,149,150],"地震に伴う複合ハザード","地震動は地震波による揺れ","津波は海水の長い波",[],[],1785565317748]